Magnowlia

Acme Shop Sample Ontology

A complete example ontology for the Acme Shop e-commerce platform, demonstrating all features of the Magnowlia ontology framework.

Download Turtle (.ttl) Mapping Vocabulary Business Vocabulary
Prefixes
owl: → <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
rdf: → <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
rdfs: → <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
xsd: → <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
skos: → <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
dct: → <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
b: → <https://acmeshop.example.com/ontology/business#>
bv: → <https://magnowlia.com/ontology/business-vocabulary#>
m: → <https://magnowlia.com/ontology/mapping#>
t: → <https://acmeshop.example.com/ontology/tech#>
ONTOLOGY HEADER · TECHNICAL LAYER - TABLES · TECHNICAL LAYER - COLUMNS · BUSINESS LAYER - CLASSES · BUSINESS LAYER - RELATIONSHIPS · BUSINESS LAYER - PROPERTIES (Dimensions) · BUSINESS LAYER - CONSTANTS · BUSINESS LAYER - METRICS (with structured properties) · CORRELATIONS — How metrics relate to each other

ONTOLOGY HEADER (0)

TECHNICAL LAYER - TABLES (4)

t:order_summary_view m:Table
Order Summary View
Denormalized view joining orders, customers, and products. Primary fact table for order analytics.
t:customers m:Table
Customers
Customer master data including segmentation and demographics.
t:products m:Table
Products
Product catalog with categories and pricing.
t:service_items m:Table
Service Items
Service offerings such as warranties, installations, and subscriptions.

TECHNICAL LAYER - COLUMNS (29)

t:order_summary_view.order_id m:Column
Order ID
Unique order identifier (PK).
t:order_summary_view.order_date m:Column
Order Date
Date the order was placed. Used as the primary time dimension for order metrics.
t:order_summary_view.order_total m:Column
Order Total
Total order amount. Currency is indicated by the currency column; may be EUR or GBP.
t:order_summary_view.order_status m:Column
Order Status
Current order fulfillment status: pending, confirmed, shipped, delivered, returned, cancelled.
t:order_summary_view.customer_country m:Column
Customer Country
ISO country code of the ordering customer. Denormalized from customer master.
t:order_summary_view.product_category m:Column
Product Category
Category of the ordered product. Denormalized from product catalog.
t:order_summary_view.payment_method m:Column
Payment Method
Payment method used for the order: credit_card, paypal, bank_transfer, apple_pay.
t:order_summary_view.currency m:Column
Currency
ISO currency code for the order amount (EUR, GBP).
t:order_summary_view.customer_type m:Column
Customer Type
Customer classification: regular, internal (staff), wholesale.
t:order_summary_view.is_test_order m:Column
Is Test Order
Boolean flag indicating whether this is a test order that should be excluded from reporting.
t:order_summary_view.customer_id m:Column
Customer ID
FK to customers table. Denormalized into the view for join-free access.
t:order_summary_view.quantity m:Column
Quantity
Number of items in the order line.
t:order_summary_view.product_id m:Column
Product ID
FK to products table. Identifies the product in the order.
t:customers.customer_id m:Column
Customer ID
Customer unique identifier (PK).
t:customers.customer_segment m:Column
Customer Segment
Customer segment classification: Premium, Standard, New, Churned.
t:customers.customer_name m:Column
Customer Name
Full name of the customer.
t:customers.customer_email m:Column
Customer Email
Primary email address of the customer.
t:customers.customer_country m:Column
Customer Country
ISO country code of the customer. Master data source for the denormalized order_summary_view.customer_country.
t:customers.customer_type m:Column
Customer Type
Customer classification: regular, internal (staff), wholesale. Master data source for the denormalized order_summary_view.customer_type.
t:customers.created_at m:Column
Created At
Timestamp when the customer record was created (registration date).
t:products.product_id m:Column
Product ID
Product unique identifier (PK).
t:products.product_name m:Column
Product Name
Display name of the product.
t:products.product_category m:Column
Product Category
Category the product belongs to: Electronics, Clothing, Home & Garden, Sports, Books.
t:products.product_price m:Column
Product Price
Current list price of the product in EUR.
t:service_items.service_id m:Column
Service ID
Unique service item identifier (PK).
t:service_items.service_name m:Column
Service Name
Display name of the service item.
t:service_items.service_category m:Column
Service Category
Category the service belongs to: Warranty, Installation, Subscription, Support.
t:service_items.service_price m:Column
Service Price
Current price of the service item in EUR.
t:order_summary_view.service_id m:Column
Service ID
FK to service_items table. Identifies the service in the order. Null when the order line is for a product.

BUSINESS LAYER - CLASSES (10)

b:Order owl:Class
Order
A customer order placed on the Acme Shop platform. Backed by the order_summary_view which is a denormalized view joining orders, customers, and products.
b:Customer owl:Class
Customer
A registered customer of Acme Shop.
b:Purchasable owl:Class
Purchasable
Abstract superclass for anything that can appear as a line item in an order. Subclassed by Product (physical goods) and ServiceItem (services, warranties, subscriptions). This class has no direct table mapping — use the concrete subclasses Product (t:products) or ServiceItem (t:service_items) for queries.
b:Product owl:Class
Product
A physical product available in the Acme Shop catalog.
b:ServiceItem owl:Class
Service Item
A service offering such as a warranty, installation, or subscription that can be purchased alongside or independently of a product.
b:WholesaleCustomer owl:Class m:BusinessView
Wholesale Customer
Customer purchasing in bulk at wholesale prices. Identified by customer_type = 'wholesale' in the order view.
b:InternalCustomer owl:Class m:BusinessView
Internal Customer
Internal staff purchases. Typically excluded from revenue reporting. Identified by customer_type = 'internal'.
b:PremiumWholesaleCustomer owl:Class m:BusinessView
Premium Wholesale Customer
High-value wholesale customers with premium pricing agreements. Identified by customer_type = 'wholesale' AND customer_segment = 'Premium'.
b:ReturnedOrder owl:Class m:BusinessView
Returned Order
Orders that were returned or refunded by the customer.
b:CancelledOrder owl:Class m:BusinessView
Cancelled Order
Orders that were cancelled before fulfillment. NOTE: Mutually exclusive with ReturnedOrder - an order is either cancelled or returned, not both.

BUSINESS LAYER - RELATIONSHIPS (7)

b:customerHasOrder owl:ObjectProperty
customer has order
Links a customer to all orders they have placed. Joined via customer_id.
b:orderForCustomer owl:ObjectProperty
order for customer
Links an order back to the customer who placed it. Inverse of customerHasOrder.
b:orderHasProduct owl:ObjectProperty
order has product
Links an order to the physical product purchased. Joined via product_id.
b:productInOrder owl:ObjectProperty
product in order
Links a product to all orders in which it appears. Inverse of orderHasProduct.
b:orderHasPurchasable owl:ObjectProperty
order has purchasable
Links an order to any purchasable item (product or service). This is the polymorphic relationship — use orderHasProduct or orderHasServiceItem for type-specific access. Realized via product_id or service_id depending on the subtype.
b:orderHasServiceItem owl:ObjectProperty
order has service item
Links an order to the service item purchased. Joined via service_id.
b:serviceItemInOrder owl:ObjectProperty
service item in order
Links a service item to all orders in which it appears. Inverse of orderHasServiceItem.

BUSINESS LAYER - PROPERTIES (Dimensions) (26)

b:orderId owl:DatatypeProperty
Order ID
Unique order identifier.
b:orderDate owl:DatatypeProperty
Order Date
Date when the order was placed. Primary time dimension for all order-related metrics.
b:orderTotal owl:DatatypeProperty
Order Total
Total monetary value of the order. Currency varies (see orderCurrency).
b:orderStatus owl:DatatypeProperty
Order Status
Current fulfillment status of the order.
b:customerCountry owl:DatatypeProperty
Customer Country
ISO country code of the ordering customer. Only available for customers who have placed orders. See b:customerCountryMaster for the master data version.
b:productCategory owl:DatatypeProperty
Product Category
Category of the ordered product. Only available for products that appear in orders. See b:productCategoryMaster for the master data version.
b:paymentMethod owl:DatatypeProperty
Payment Method
Method of payment used for the order.
b:orderCurrency owl:DatatypeProperty
Order Currency
ISO currency code for the order amount.
b:customerType owl:DatatypeProperty
Customer Type
Classification of the customer. Determines eligibility for reporting (internal/test orders are typically excluded). See b:customerTypeMaster for the master data version.
b:customerId owl:DatatypeProperty
Customer ID
Customer identifier. FK to customers table, available directly in order_summary_view.
b:orderQuantity owl:DatatypeProperty
Order Quantity
Number of items in the order.
b:isTestOrder owl:DatatypeProperty
Is Test Order
Boolean flag indicating whether this is a test order. Test orders are excluded from revenue and performance metrics.
b:productId owl:DatatypeProperty
Product ID
Product identifier. FK to products table, available directly in order_summary_view.
b:productName owl:DatatypeProperty
Product Name
Display name of the product.
b:productCategoryMaster owl:DatatypeProperty
Product Category (Master)
Category from the product catalog master table. See also b:productCategory on b:Order for the denormalized version available in order analytics.
b:productPrice owl:DatatypeProperty
Product Price
Current list price of the product in EUR.
b:serviceId owl:DatatypeProperty
Service ID
Unique service item identifier.
b:serviceName owl:DatatypeProperty
Service Name
Display name of the service item.
b:serviceCategory owl:DatatypeProperty
Service Category
Category of the service item.
b:servicePrice owl:DatatypeProperty
Service Price
Current price of the service item in EUR.
b:customerSegment owl:DatatypeProperty
Customer Segment
Customer segment classification from the customer master table.
b:customerName owl:DatatypeProperty
Customer Name
Full name of the customer.
b:customerEmail owl:DatatypeProperty
Customer Email
Primary email address of the customer. Contains PII — access is restricted.
b:customerCountryMaster owl:DatatypeProperty
Customer Country (Master)
ISO country code from the customer master table. See also b:customerCountry on b:Order for the denormalized version available in order analytics.
b:customerTypeMaster owl:DatatypeProperty
Customer Type (Master)
Customer classification from the master table. See also b:customerType on b:Order for the denormalized version available in order analytics.
b:customerCreatedAt owl:DatatypeProperty
Customer Registration Date
Timestamp when the customer registered.

BUSINESS LAYER - CONSTANTS (1)

b:gbpToEurExchangeRate bv:BusinessConstant
GBP to EUR Exchange Rate
Fixed exchange rate for converting GBP to EUR. Rate: 1 GBP = 0.85 EUR. To convert GBP amounts to EUR, divide by 0.85. This value is inlined in metric expressions.

BUSINESS LAYER - METRICS (with structured properties) (8)

b:totalRevenueMetric bv:Metric
Total Revenue
Total order revenue with automatic GBP to EUR conversion. Includes ALL order types and statuses. For order count see b:orderCountMetric; for average value see b:averageOrderValueMetric.
b:orderCountMetric bv:Metric
Order Count
Total number of orders placed. Counts all orders regardless of status. For revenue see b:totalRevenueMetric.
b:averageOrderValueMetric bv:Metric
Average Order Value
Average revenue per order. Equivalent to total_revenue / order_count.
b:returnRateMetric bv:Metric
Return Rate
Percentage of orders that were returned or refunded, excluding test orders and internal staff purchases. Formula: returned_orders / total_orders * 100. A value of 5% means one in twenty orders was returned.
b:uniqueCustomersMetric bv:Metric
Unique Customers
Number of distinct customers who placed orders in the period. NOTE: This is an ACTIVITY-BASED count - only customers with at least one order are counted. This is NOT a master data count of all registered customers.
b:totalItemsSoldMetric bv:Metric
Total Items Sold
Total number of items sold across all orders.
b:revenuePerCustomerSegmentMetric bv:Metric
Revenue Per Customer Segment
Average revenue per customer, broken down by customer segment. Requires joining orders with customer master data. For total revenue without segmentation, see b:totalRevenueMetric.
b:newCustomerRegistrationsMetric bv:Metric
New Customer Registrations
Number of new customer registrations per period. Excludes internal (staff) customers. For activity-based customer counts (customers who placed orders), see b:uniqueCustomersMetric.

CORRELATIONS — How metrics relate to each other (2)

b:newRegistrations_correlates_returnRate bv:MetricCorrelation
New Registrations ↔ Return Rate
New customers return items at higher rates than repeat buyers — unfamiliar with sizing and product quality. The effect flattens at high registration volumes.
b:returnRate_drives_averageOrderValue bv:MetricCorrelation
Return Rate → AOV
Higher return rates tend to reduce effective AOV as returned items deflate averages.
Full Turtle Source
1@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
2@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
3@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
4@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
5@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
6@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
7@prefix b: <https://acmeshop.example.com/ontology/business#> .
8@prefix bv: <https://magnowlia.com/ontology/business-vocabulary#> .
9@prefix m: <https://magnowlia.com/ontology/mapping#> .
10@prefix t: <https://acmeshop.example.com/ontology/tech#> .
11
12# ===========================================================================
13# ONTOLOGY HEADER
14# ===========================================================================
15
16"ttl-uri"><https://acmeshop.example.com/ontology> a owl:Ontology ;
17 dct:title "Acme Shop Optimized Business Ontology" ;
18 dct:description "Business-facing ontology for Acme Shop e-commerce platform, optimized for clarity and mapped to the analytics data warehouse." ;
19 dct:created "2026-03-03"^^xsd:date ;
20 dct:modified "2026-03-03"^^xsd:date ;
21 dct:contributor "Magnowlia Platform Team" ;
22 owl:versionInfo "0.2.0"^^xsd:string ;
23 rdfs:comment "Design decisions: (1) order_summary_view is the primary fact table - a denormalized view joining orders, customers and products. Properties like customerCountry and productCategory have domain b:Order because they are only available through this view. (2) Constants are inlined in metric expressions; bv:BusinessConstant declarations serve as documentation. (3) Metrics use structured properties (metricExpression/sourceEntity) for single-table queries and metricSql for multi-table joins." .
24
25# ===========================================================================
26# TECHNICAL LAYER - TABLES
27# ===========================================================================
28
29t:order_summary_view a m:Table ;
30 rdfs:label "Order Summary View" ;
31 rdfs:comment "Denormalized view joining orders, customers, and products. Primary fact table for order analytics." .
32
33t:customers a m:Table ;
34 rdfs:label "Customers" ;
35 rdfs:comment "Customer master data including segmentation and demographics." .
36
37t:products a m:Table ;
38 rdfs:label "Products" ;
39 rdfs:comment "Product catalog with categories and pricing." .
40
41t:service_items a m:Table ;
42 rdfs:label "Service Items" ;
43 rdfs:comment "Service offerings such as warranties, installations, and subscriptions." .
44
45# ===========================================================================
46# TECHNICAL LAYER - COLUMNS
47# ===========================================================================
48
49t:order_summary_view.order_id a m:Column ;
50 rdfs:label "Order ID" ;
51 rdfs:comment "Unique order identifier (PK)." ;
52 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
53
54t:order_summary_view.order_date a m:Column ;
55 rdfs:label "Order Date" ;
56 rdfs:comment "Date the order was placed. Used as the primary time dimension for order metrics." ;
57 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
58
59t:order_summary_view.order_total a m:Column ;
60 rdfs:label "Order Total" ;
61 rdfs:comment "Total order amount. Currency is indicated by the currency column; may be EUR or GBP." ;
62 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
63
64t:order_summary_view.order_status a m:Column ;
65 rdfs:label "Order Status" ;
66 rdfs:comment "Current order fulfillment status: pending, confirmed, shipped, delivered, returned, cancelled." ;
67 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
68
69t:order_summary_view.customer_country a m:Column ;
70 rdfs:label "Customer Country" ;
71 rdfs:comment "ISO country code of the ordering customer. Denormalized from customer master." ;
72 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
73
74t:order_summary_view.product_category a m:Column ;
75 rdfs:label "Product Category" ;
76 rdfs:comment "Category of the ordered product. Denormalized from product catalog." ;
77 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
78
79t:order_summary_view.payment_method a m:Column ;
80 rdfs:label "Payment Method" ;
81 rdfs:comment "Payment method used for the order: credit_card, paypal, bank_transfer, apple_pay." ;
82 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
83
84t:order_summary_view.currency a m:Column ;
85 rdfs:label "Currency" ;
86 rdfs:comment "ISO currency code for the order amount (EUR, GBP)." ;
87 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
88
89t:order_summary_view.customer_type a m:Column ;
90 rdfs:label "Customer Type" ;
91 rdfs:comment "Customer classification: regular, internal (staff), wholesale." ;
92 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
93
94t:order_summary_view.is_test_order a m:Column ;
95 rdfs:label "Is Test Order" ;
96 rdfs:comment "Boolean flag indicating whether this is a test order that should be excluded from reporting." ;
97 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
98
99t:order_summary_view.customer_id a m:Column ;
100 rdfs:label "Customer ID" ;
101 rdfs:comment "FK to customers table. Denormalized into the view for join-free access." ;
102 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
103
104t:order_summary_view.quantity a m:Column ;
105 rdfs:label "Quantity" ;
106 rdfs:comment "Number of items in the order line." ;
107 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
108
109t:order_summary_view.product_id a m:Column ;
110 rdfs:label "Product ID" ;
111 rdfs:comment "FK to products table. Identifies the product in the order." ;
112 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
113
114t:customers.customer_id a m:Column ;
115 rdfs:label "Customer ID" ;
116 rdfs:comment "Customer unique identifier (PK)." ;
117 m:belongsToTable t:customers .
118
119t:customers.customer_segment a m:Column ;
120 rdfs:label "Customer Segment" ;
121 rdfs:comment "Customer segment classification: Premium, Standard, New, Churned." ;
122 m:belongsToTable t:customers .
123
124t:customers.customer_name a m:Column ;
125 rdfs:label "Customer Name" ;
126 rdfs:comment "Full name of the customer." ;
127 m:belongsToTable t:customers .
128
129t:customers.customer_email a m:Column ;
130 rdfs:label "Customer Email" ;
131 rdfs:comment "Primary email address of the customer." ;
132 m:belongsToTable t:customers .
133
134t:customers.customer_country a m:Column ;
135 rdfs:label "Customer Country" ;
136 rdfs:comment "ISO country code of the customer. Master data source for the denormalized order_summary_view.customer_country." ;
137 m:belongsToTable t:customers .
138
139t:customers.customer_type a m:Column ;
140 rdfs:label "Customer Type" ;
141 rdfs:comment "Customer classification: regular, internal (staff), wholesale. Master data source for the denormalized order_summary_view.customer_type." ;
142 m:belongsToTable t:customers .
143
144t:customers.created_at a m:Column ;
145 rdfs:label "Created At" ;
146 rdfs:comment "Timestamp when the customer record was created (registration date)." ;
147 m:belongsToTable t:customers .
148
149t:products.product_id a m:Column ;
150 rdfs:label "Product ID" ;
151 rdfs:comment "Product unique identifier (PK)." ;
152 m:belongsToTable t:products .
153
154t:products.product_name a m:Column ;
155 rdfs:label "Product Name" ;
156 rdfs:comment "Display name of the product." ;
157 m:belongsToTable t:products .
158
159t:products.product_category a m:Column ;
160 rdfs:label "Product Category" ;
161 rdfs:comment "Category the product belongs to: Electronics, Clothing, Home & Garden, Sports, Books." ;
162 m:belongsToTable t:products .
163
164t:products.product_price a m:Column ;
165 rdfs:label "Product Price" ;
166 rdfs:comment "Current list price of the product in EUR." ;
167 m:belongsToTable t:products .
168
169# --- service_items columns ---
170
171t:service_items.service_id a m:Column ;
172 rdfs:label "Service ID" ;
173 rdfs:comment "Unique service item identifier (PK)." ;
174 m:belongsToTable t:service_items .
175
176t:service_items.service_name a m:Column ;
177 rdfs:label "Service Name" ;
178 rdfs:comment "Display name of the service item." ;
179 m:belongsToTable t:service_items .
180
181t:service_items.service_category a m:Column ;
182 rdfs:label "Service Category" ;
183 rdfs:comment "Category the service belongs to: Warranty, Installation, Subscription, Support." ;
184 m:belongsToTable t:service_items .
185
186t:service_items.service_price a m:Column ;
187 rdfs:label "Service Price" ;
188 rdfs:comment "Current price of the service item in EUR." ;
189 m:belongsToTable t:service_items .
190
191t:order_summary_view.service_id a m:Column ;
192 rdfs:label "Service ID" ;
193 rdfs:comment "FK to service_items table. Identifies the service in the order. Null when the order line is for a product." ;
194 m:belongsToTable t:order_summary_view .
195
196# ===========================================================================
197# BUSINESS LAYER - CLASSES
198# ===========================================================================
199
200b:Order a owl:Class ;
201 rdfs:label "Order" ;
202 rdfs:comment "A customer order placed on the Acme Shop platform. Backed by the order_summary_view which is a denormalized view joining orders, customers, and products." ;
203 rdfs:seeAlso "ttl-uri"><https://schema.org/Order> ;
204 skos:example "ORD-2025-001234, ORD-2025-005678" ;
205 m:mapsToTable t:order_summary_view .
206
207b:Customer a owl:Class ;
208 rdfs:label "Customer" ;
209 skos:altLabel "Buyer", "Account" ;
210 rdfs:comment "A registered customer of Acme Shop." ;
211 rdfs:seeAlso "ttl-uri"><https://schema.org/Person> ;
212 skos:example "Jane Smith, Acme Corporation" ;
213 m:mapsToTable t:customers .
214
215# --- Polymorphic relationship: Purchasable (Product or ServiceItem) ---
216# An Order can reference either a Product or a ServiceItem via the common
217# superclass Purchasable. This models a polymorphic association in OWL:
218# orderHasPurchasable has range b:Purchasable, and both Product and ServiceItem
219# are subclasses, so the relationship accepts either type.
220
221b:Purchasable a owl:Class ;
222 rdfs:label "Purchasable" ;
223 rdfs:comment "Abstract superclass for anything that can appear as a line item in an order. Subclassed by Product (physical goods) and ServiceItem (services, warranties, subscriptions). This class has no direct table mapping — use the concrete subclasses Product (t:products) or ServiceItem (t:service_items) for queries." .
224
225b:Product a owl:Class ;
226 rdfs:subClassOf b:Purchasable ;
227 rdfs:label "Product" ;
228 skos:altLabel "Item", "SKU" ;
229 rdfs:comment "A physical product available in the Acme Shop catalog." ;
230 rdfs:seeAlso "ttl-uri"><https://schema.org/Product> ;
231 skos:example "Wireless Mouse Pro, Organic Cotton T-Shirt, Standing Desk" ;
232 owl:disjointWith b:ServiceItem ;
233 m:mapsToTable t:products .
234
235b:ServiceItem a owl:Class ;
236 rdfs:subClassOf b:Purchasable ;
237 rdfs:label "Service Item" ;
238 skos:altLabel "Service", "Add-on" ;
239 rdfs:comment "A service offering such as a warranty, installation, or subscription that can be purchased alongside or independently of a product." ;
240 rdfs:seeAlso "ttl-uri"><https://schema.org/Service> ;
241 skos:example "2-Year Extended Warranty, Professional Installation, Monthly Support Plan" ;
242 owl:disjointWith b:Product ;
243 m:mapsToTable t:service_items .
244
245# --- Subclasses with filters ---
246
247b:WholesaleCustomer a owl:Class, m:BusinessView ;
248 rdfs:subClassOf b:Customer ;
249 rdfs:label "Wholesale Customer" ;
250 rdfs:comment "Customer purchasing in bulk at wholesale prices. Identified by customer_type = 'wholesale' in the order view." ;
251 m:mapsToTable t:order_summary_view ;
252 m:joinCondition "order_summary_view.customer_type = 'wholesale'"^^xsd:string .
253
254b:InternalCustomer a owl:Class, m:BusinessView ;
255 rdfs:subClassOf b:Customer ;
256 rdfs:label "Internal Customer" ;
257 rdfs:comment "Internal staff purchases. Typically excluded from revenue reporting. Identified by customer_type = 'internal'." ;
258 m:mapsToTable t:order_summary_view ;
259 m:joinCondition "order_summary_view.customer_type = 'internal'"^^xsd:string .
260
261b:PremiumWholesaleCustomer a owl:Class, m:BusinessView ;
262 rdfs:subClassOf b:WholesaleCustomer ;
263 rdfs:label "Premium Wholesale Customer" ;
264 rdfs:comment "High-value wholesale customers with premium pricing agreements. Identified by customer_type = 'wholesale' AND customer_segment = 'Premium'." ;
265 m:mapsToTable t:order_summary_view ;
266 m:joinCondition "order_summary_view.customer_type = 'wholesale' AND customers.customer_segment = 'Premium'"^^xsd:string .
267
268b:WholesaleCustomer owl:disjointWith b:InternalCustomer .
269
270b:ReturnedOrder a owl:Class, m:BusinessView ;
271 rdfs:subClassOf b:Order ;
272 rdfs:label "Returned Order" ;
273 rdfs:comment "Orders that were returned or refunded by the customer." ;
274 m:mapsToTable t:order_summary_view ;
275 m:joinCondition "order_summary_view.order_status = 'returned'"^^xsd:string .
276
277b:CancelledOrder a owl:Class, m:BusinessView ;
278 rdfs:subClassOf b:Order ;
279 rdfs:label "Cancelled Order" ;
280 rdfs:comment "Orders that were cancelled before fulfillment. NOTE: Mutually exclusive with ReturnedOrder - an order is either cancelled or returned, not both." ;
281 rdfs:seeAlso b:ReturnedOrder ;
282 m:mapsToTable t:order_summary_view ;
283 m:joinCondition "order_summary_view.order_status = 'cancelled'"^^xsd:string .
284
285b:ReturnedOrder owl:disjointWith b:CancelledOrder .
286
287# ===========================================================================
288# BUSINESS LAYER - RELATIONSHIPS
289# ===========================================================================
290
291b:customerHasOrder a owl:ObjectProperty ;
292 rdfs:domain b:Customer ;
293 rdfs:range b:Order ;
294 rdfs:label "customer has order" ;
295 rdfs:comment "Links a customer to all orders they have placed. Joined via customer_id." ;
296 owl:inverseOf b:orderForCustomer ;
297 m:realizedBy "customers.customer_id = order_summary_view.customer_id"^^xsd:string .
298
299b:orderForCustomer a owl:ObjectProperty ;
300 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
301 rdfs:range b:Customer ;
302 rdfs:label "order for customer" ;
303 rdfs:comment "Links an order back to the customer who placed it. Inverse of customerHasOrder." ;
304 owl:inverseOf b:customerHasOrder ;
305 m:realizedBy "order_summary_view.customer_id = customers.customer_id"^^xsd:string .
306
307b:orderHasProduct a owl:ObjectProperty ;
308 rdfs:subPropertyOf b:orderHasPurchasable ;
309 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
310 rdfs:range b:Product ;
311 rdfs:label "order has product" ;
312 rdfs:comment "Links an order to the physical product purchased. Joined via product_id." ;
313 owl:inverseOf b:productInOrder ;
314 m:realizedBy "order_summary_view.product_id = products.product_id"^^xsd:string .
315
316b:productInOrder a owl:ObjectProperty ;
317 rdfs:domain b:Product ;
318 rdfs:range b:Order ;
319 rdfs:label "product in order" ;
320 rdfs:comment "Links a product to all orders in which it appears. Inverse of orderHasProduct." ;
321 owl:inverseOf b:orderHasProduct ;
322 m:realizedBy "products.product_id = order_summary_view.product_id"^^xsd:string .
323
324# --- Polymorphic purchasable relationship ---
325# orderHasPurchasable accepts any Purchasable subclass (Product or ServiceItem).
326# The specific subtype relationships (orderHasProduct, orderHasServiceItem) are
327# declared as sub-properties, so navigating orderHasPurchasable returns both.
328
329b:orderHasPurchasable a owl:ObjectProperty ;
330 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
331 rdfs:range b:Purchasable ;
332 rdfs:label "order has purchasable" ;
333 rdfs:comment "Links an order to any purchasable item (product or service). This is the polymorphic relationship — use orderHasProduct or orderHasServiceItem for type-specific access. Realized via product_id or service_id depending on the subtype." ;
334 m:realizedBy "order_summary_view.product_id = products.product_id OR order_summary_view.service_id = service_items.service_id"^^xsd:string .
335
336b:orderHasServiceItem a owl:ObjectProperty ;
337 rdfs:subPropertyOf b:orderHasPurchasable ;
338 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
339 rdfs:range b:ServiceItem ;
340 rdfs:label "order has service item" ;
341 rdfs:comment "Links an order to the service item purchased. Joined via service_id." ;
342 owl:inverseOf b:serviceItemInOrder ;
343 m:realizedBy "order_summary_view.service_id = service_items.service_id"^^xsd:string .
344
345b:serviceItemInOrder a owl:ObjectProperty ;
346 rdfs:domain b:ServiceItem ;
347 rdfs:range b:Order ;
348 rdfs:label "service item in order" ;
349 rdfs:comment "Links a service item to all orders in which it appears. Inverse of orderHasServiceItem." ;
350 owl:inverseOf b:orderHasServiceItem ;
351 m:realizedBy "service_items.service_id = order_summary_view.service_id"^^xsd:string .
352
353# ===========================================================================
354# BUSINESS LAYER - PROPERTIES (Dimensions)
355# ===========================================================================
356
357b:orderId a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
358 rdfs:label "Order ID" ;
359 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
360 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
361 rdfs:comment "Unique order identifier." ;
362 m:mapsToColumn t:order_summary_view.order_id .
363
364b:orderDate a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
365 rdfs:label "Order Date" ;
366 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
367 rdfs:range xsd:date ;
368 rdfs:comment "Date when the order was placed. Primary time dimension for all order-related metrics." ;
369 m:mapsToColumn t:order_summary_view.order_date .
370
371b:orderTotal a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
372 rdfs:label "Order Total" ;
373 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
374 rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
375 rdfs:comment "Total monetary value of the order. Currency varies (see orderCurrency)." ;
376 m:mapsToColumn t:order_summary_view.order_total .
377
378b:orderStatus a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
379 rdfs:label "Order Status" ;
380 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
381 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
382 rdfs:comment "Current fulfillment status of the order." ;
383 m:mapsToColumn t:order_summary_view.order_status ;
384 bv:sampleEnumValues "pending", "confirmed", "shipped", "delivered", "returned", "cancelled" ;
385 bv:enumType "dynamic" .
386
387b:customerCountry a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
388 rdfs:label "Customer Country" ;
389 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
390 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
391 rdfs:comment "ISO country code of the ordering customer. Only available for customers who have placed orders. See b:customerCountryMaster for the master data version." ;
392 bv:masterProperty b:customerCountryMaster ;
393 rdfs:seeAlso b:customerCountryMaster ;
394 m:mapsToColumn t:order_summary_view.customer_country ;
395 bv:sampleEnumValues "DE", "FR", "GB", "US", "NL", "ES" ;
396 bv:enumType "country" .
397
398b:productCategory a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
399 rdfs:label "Product Category" ;
400 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
401 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
402 rdfs:comment "Category of the ordered product. Only available for products that appear in orders. See b:productCategoryMaster for the master data version." ;
403 bv:masterProperty b:productCategoryMaster ;
404 rdfs:seeAlso b:productCategoryMaster ;
405 m:mapsToColumn t:order_summary_view.product_category ;
406 bv:sampleEnumValues "Electronics", "Clothing", "Home & Garden", "Sports", "Books" ;
407 bv:enumType "dynamic" .
408
409b:paymentMethod a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
410 rdfs:label "Payment Method" ;
411 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
412 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
413 rdfs:comment "Method of payment used for the order." ;
414 m:mapsToColumn t:order_summary_view.payment_method ;
415 bv:sampleEnumValues "credit_card", "paypal", "bank_transfer", "apple_pay" ;
416 bv:enumType "dynamic" .
417
418b:orderCurrency a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
419 rdfs:label "Order Currency" ;
420 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
421 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
422 rdfs:comment "ISO currency code for the order amount." ;
423 m:mapsToColumn t:order_summary_view.currency ;
424 bv:sampleEnumValues "EUR", "GBP" ;
425 bv:enumType "currency" .
426
427b:customerType a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
428 rdfs:label "Customer Type" ;
429 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
430 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
431 rdfs:comment "Classification of the customer. Determines eligibility for reporting (internal/test orders are typically excluded). See b:customerTypeMaster for the master data version." ;
432 bv:masterProperty b:customerTypeMaster ;
433 rdfs:seeAlso b:customerTypeMaster ;
434 m:mapsToColumn t:order_summary_view.customer_type ;
435 bv:sampleEnumValues "regular", "internal", "wholesale" ;
436 bv:enumType "dynamic" .
437
438b:customerId a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
439 rdfs:label "Customer ID" ;
440 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
441 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
442 rdfs:comment "Customer identifier. FK to customers table, available directly in order_summary_view." ;
443 m:mapsToColumn t:order_summary_view.customer_id .
444
445b:orderQuantity a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
446 rdfs:label "Order Quantity" ;
447 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
448 rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
449 rdfs:comment "Number of items in the order." ;
450 m:mapsToColumn t:order_summary_view.quantity .
451
452b:isTestOrder a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
453 rdfs:label "Is Test Order" ;
454 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
455 rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
456 rdfs:comment "Boolean flag indicating whether this is a test order. Test orders are excluded from revenue and performance metrics." ;
457 m:mapsToColumn t:order_summary_view.is_test_order ;
458 bv:enumType "boolean" .
459
460b:productId a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
461 rdfs:label "Product ID" ;
462 rdfs:domain b:Order ;
463 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
464 rdfs:comment "Product identifier. FK to products table, available directly in order_summary_view." ;
465 m:mapsToColumn t:order_summary_view.product_id .
466
467b:productName a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
468 rdfs:label "Product Name" ;
469 rdfs:domain b:Product ;
470 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
471 rdfs:comment "Display name of the product." ;
472 m:mapsToColumn t:products.product_name .
473
474b:productCategoryMaster a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
475 rdfs:label "Product Category (Master)" ;
476 rdfs:domain b:Product ;
477 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
478 rdfs:comment "Category from the product catalog master table. See also b:productCategory on b:Order for the denormalized version available in order analytics." ;
479 rdfs:seeAlso b:productCategory ;
480 m:mapsToColumn t:products.product_category ;
481 bv:sampleEnumValues "Electronics", "Clothing", "Home & Garden", "Sports", "Books" ;
482 bv:enumType "dynamic" .
483
484b:productPrice a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
485 rdfs:label "Product Price" ;
486 rdfs:domain b:Product ;
487 rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
488 rdfs:comment "Current list price of the product in EUR." ;
489 m:mapsToColumn t:products.product_price .
490
491# --- ServiceItem properties ---
492
493b:serviceId a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
494 rdfs:label "Service ID" ;
495 rdfs:domain b:ServiceItem ;
496 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
497 rdfs:comment "Unique service item identifier." ;
498 m:mapsToColumn t:service_items.service_id .
499
500b:serviceName a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
501 rdfs:label "Service Name" ;
502 rdfs:domain b:ServiceItem ;
503 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
504 rdfs:comment "Display name of the service item." ;
505 m:mapsToColumn t:service_items.service_name .
506
507b:serviceCategory a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
508 rdfs:label "Service Category" ;
509 rdfs:domain b:ServiceItem ;
510 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
511 rdfs:comment "Category of the service item." ;
512 m:mapsToColumn t:service_items.service_category ;
513 bv:sampleEnumValues "Warranty", "Installation", "Subscription", "Support" ;
514 bv:enumType "dynamic" .
515
516b:servicePrice a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
517 rdfs:label "Service Price" ;
518 rdfs:domain b:ServiceItem ;
519 rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
520 rdfs:comment "Current price of the service item in EUR." ;
521 m:mapsToColumn t:service_items.service_price .
522
523b:customerSegment a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
524 rdfs:label "Customer Segment" ;
525 rdfs:domain b:Customer ;
526 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
527 rdfs:comment "Customer segment classification from the customer master table." ;
528 m:mapsToColumn t:customers.customer_segment ;
529 bv:sampleEnumValues "Premium", "Standard", "New", "Churned" ;
530 bv:enumType "dynamic" .
531
532b:customerName a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
533 rdfs:label "Customer Name" ;
534 rdfs:domain b:Customer ;
535 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
536 rdfs:comment "Full name of the customer." ;
537 m:mapsToColumn t:customers.customer_name .
538
539b:customerEmail a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
540 rdfs:label "Customer Email" ;
541 rdfs:domain b:Customer ;
542 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
543 rdfs:comment "Primary email address of the customer. Contains PII — access is restricted." ;
544 bv:sensitivityLevel "Confidential" ;
545 bv:complianceCategory "PII" ;
546 bv:maskingRule "redact" ;
547 m:mapsToColumn t:customers.customer_email .
548
549b:customerCountryMaster a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
550 rdfs:label "Customer Country (Master)" ;
551 rdfs:domain b:Customer ;
552 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
553 rdfs:comment "ISO country code from the customer master table. See also b:customerCountry on b:Order for the denormalized version available in order analytics." ;
554 rdfs:seeAlso b:customerCountry ;
555 m:mapsToColumn t:customers.customer_country ;
556 bv:sampleEnumValues "DE", "FR", "GB", "US", "NL", "ES" ;
557 bv:enumType "dynamic" .
558
559b:customerTypeMaster a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
560 rdfs:label "Customer Type (Master)" ;
561 rdfs:domain b:Customer ;
562 rdfs:range xsd:string ;
563 rdfs:comment "Customer classification from the master table. See also b:customerType on b:Order for the denormalized version available in order analytics." ;
564 rdfs:seeAlso b:customerType ;
565 m:mapsToColumn t:customers.customer_type ;
566 bv:sampleEnumValues "regular", "internal", "wholesale" ;
567 bv:enumType "dynamic" .
568
569b:customerCreatedAt a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
570 rdfs:label "Customer Registration Date" ;
571 rdfs:domain b:Customer ;
572 rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ;
573 rdfs:comment "Timestamp when the customer registered." ;
574 m:mapsToColumn t:customers.created_at .
575
576# ===========================================================================
577# BUSINESS LAYER - CONSTANTS
578# ===========================================================================
579
580b:gbpToEurExchangeRate a bv:BusinessConstant ;
581 rdfs:label "GBP to EUR Exchange Rate" ;
582 rdfs:comment "Fixed exchange rate for converting GBP to EUR. Rate: 1 GBP = 0.85 EUR. To convert GBP amounts to EUR, divide by 0.85. This value is inlined in metric expressions." ;
583 bv:constantValue "0.85"^^xsd:decimal .
584
585# ===========================================================================
586# BUSINESS LAYER - METRICS (with structured properties)
587# ===========================================================================
588
589b:totalRevenueMetric a bv:Metric ;
590 rdfs:label "Total Revenue" ;
591 skos:altLabel "Gross Revenue", "Total Sales" ;
592 rdfs:comment "Total order revenue with automatic GBP to EUR conversion. Includes ALL order types and statuses. For order count see b:orderCountMetric; for average value see b:averageOrderValueMetric." ;
593 rdfs:seeAlso b:orderCountMetric, b:averageOrderValueMetric ;
594 bv:metricExpression "SUM(CASE WHEN b:orderCurrency = 'GBP' THEN b:orderTotal / {{gbpToEurExchangeRate}} ELSE b:orderTotal END)" ;
595 bv:sourceEntity b:Order ;
596 bv:timeDimension b:orderDate ;
597 bv:dependsOnProperty b:orderTotal, b:orderCurrency ;
598 bv:dependsOnConstant b:gbpToEurExchangeRate ;
599 bv:metricCategory "Revenue" .
600
601b:orderCountMetric a bv:Metric ;
602 rdfs:label "Order Count" ;
603 skos:altLabel "Number of Orders", "Total Orders" ;
604 rdfs:comment "Total number of orders placed. Counts all orders regardless of status. For revenue see b:totalRevenueMetric." ;
605 rdfs:seeAlso b:totalRevenueMetric ;
606 bv:metricExpression "COUNT(*)" ;
607 bv:sourceEntity b:Order ;
608 bv:timeDimension b:orderDate ;
609 bv:dependsOnProperty b:orderId ;
610 bv:metricCategory "Orders" .
611
612b:averageOrderValueMetric a bv:Metric ;
613 rdfs:label "Average Order Value" ;
614 skos:altLabel "AOV", "Avg Order Value" ;
615 rdfs:comment "Average revenue per order. Equivalent to total_revenue / order_count." ;
616 rdfs:seeAlso b:totalRevenueMetric, b:orderCountMetric ;
617 bv:metricExpression "AVG(b:orderTotal)" ;
618 bv:sourceEntity b:Order ;
619 bv:timeDimension b:orderDate ;
620 bv:dependsOnProperty b:orderTotal ;
621 bv:metricCategory "Revenue" .
622
623b:returnRateMetric a bv:Metric ;
624 rdfs:label "Return Rate" ;
625 skos:altLabel "Return %", "Refund Rate" ;
626 rdfs:comment "Percentage of orders that were returned or refunded, excluding test orders and internal staff purchases. Formula: returned_orders / total_orders * 100. A value of 5% means one in twenty orders was returned." ;
627 bv:metricExpression """100.0 * SUM(CASE WHEN b:orderStatus = 'returned' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
628 / NULLIF(COUNT(*), 0)""" ;
629 bv:sourceEntity b:Order ;
630 bv:metricPreFilter "b:customerType <> 'internal' AND b:isTestOrder = false" ;
631 bv:timeDimension b:orderDate ;
632 bv:dependsOnProperty b:orderStatus, b:customerType, b:isTestOrder ;
633 bv:metricCategory "Orders" .
634
635b:uniqueCustomersMetric a bv:Metric ;
636 rdfs:label "Unique Customers" ;
637 skos:altLabel "Distinct Customers", "Active Buyers" ;
638 rdfs:comment "Number of distinct customers who placed orders in the period. NOTE: This is an ACTIVITY-BASED count - only customers with at least one order are counted. This is NOT a master data count of all registered customers." ;
639 bv:metricExpression "COUNT(DISTINCT b:customerId)" ;
640 bv:sourceEntity b:Order ;
641 bv:timeDimension b:orderDate ;
642 bv:dependsOnProperty b:customerId ;
643 bv:metricCategory "Customers" .
644
645b:totalItemsSoldMetric a bv:Metric ;
646 rdfs:label "Total Items Sold" ;
647 skos:altLabel "Units Sold", "Total Quantity" ;
648 rdfs:comment "Total number of items sold across all orders." ;
649 bv:metricExpression "SUM(b:orderQuantity)" ;
650 bv:sourceEntity b:Order ;
651 bv:timeDimension b:orderDate ;
652 bv:dependsOnProperty b:orderQuantity ;
653 bv:metricCategory "Orders" .
654
655# Multi-table metric using SQL template escape hatch
656b:revenuePerCustomerSegmentMetric a bv:Metric ;
657 rdfs:label "Revenue Per Customer Segment" ;
658 rdfs:comment "Average revenue per customer, broken down by customer segment. Requires joining orders with customer master data. For total revenue without segmentation, see b:totalRevenueMetric." ;
659 rdfs:seeAlso b:totalRevenueMetric ;
660 bv:metricSql """
661 SELECT DATE_TRUNC('{{granularity}}', order_summary_view.order_date) AS time_dimension
662 {{select_dimensions}},
663 CASE WHEN COUNT(DISTINCT customers.customer_id) > 0
664 THEN SUM(order_summary_view.order_total) / COUNT(DISTINCT customers.customer_id)
665 ELSE 0 END AS metric_value
666 FROM order_summary_view
667 INNER JOIN customers ON order_summary_view.customer_id = customers.customer_id
668 WHERE order_summary_view.order_date >= '{{start_date}}' AND order_summary_view.order_date < '{{end_date}}'
669 {{where_filters}}
670 GROUP BY 1 {{group_by_dimensions}}
671 ORDER BY 1
672 """ ;
673 bv:timeDimension b:orderDate ;
674 bv:dependsOnProperty b:orderTotal, b:customerId, b:customerSegment ;
675 bv:dependsOnRelationship b:customerHasOrder ;
676 bv:metricCategory "Revenue" .
677
678b:newCustomerRegistrationsMetric a bv:Metric ;
679 rdfs:label "New Customer Registrations" ;
680 skos:altLabel "New Signups", "Customer Registrations" ;
681 rdfs:comment "Number of new customer registrations per period. Excludes internal (staff) customers. For activity-based customer counts (customers who placed orders), see b:uniqueCustomersMetric." ;
682 rdfs:seeAlso b:uniqueCustomersMetric ;
683 bv:metricExpression "COUNT(*)" ;
684 bv:sourceEntity b:Customer ;
685 bv:metricPreFilter "b:customerTypeMaster <> 'internal'" ;
686 bv:timeDimension b:customerCreatedAt ;
687 bv:dependsOnProperty b:customerTypeMaster ;
688 bv:metricCategory "Customers" .
689
690# ================================================================
691# CORRELATIONS — How metrics relate to each other
692# ================================================================
693
694# Statistical: new customer registrations correlate with return rate
695b:newRegistrations_correlates_returnRate a bv:MetricCorrelation ;
696 rdfs:label "New Registrations ↔ Return Rate" ;
697 rdfs:comment "New customers return items at higher rates than repeat buyers — unfamiliar with sizing and product quality. The effect flattens at high registration volumes." ;
698 bv:sourceMetric b:newCustomerRegistrationsMetric ;
699 bv:targetMetric b:returnRateMetric ;
700 bv:correlationType "statistical" ;
701 bv:correlationStrength "0.62" ;
702 bv:correlationCurve "logarithmic" .
703
704# Causal: high return rates drive down average order value
705b:returnRate_drives_averageOrderValue a bv:MetricCorrelation ;
706 rdfs:label "Return Rate → AOV" ;
707 rdfs:comment "Higher return rates tend to reduce effective AOV as returned items deflate averages." ;
708 bv:sourceMetric b:returnRateMetric ;
709 bv:targetMetric b:averageOrderValueMetric ;
710 bv:correlationType "causal" ;
711 bv:correlationStrength "moderate" ;
712 bv:correlationCurve "inverse" .
713
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